Pelvic mesh or surgical mesh has a number of complications. The most frequent complications included erosion through the vagina, infection, pain, urinary problems and recurrence of the prolapse and/or incontinence. In some cases, erosion of the mesh and scarring of the vagina led to discomfort and pain, including pain during sexual intercourse. Some patients needed additional surgery to remove the mesh that had eroded into the vagina. Other complications included injuries to nearby organs such as the bowel and bladder, or blood vessels.

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Progeria

Progeria is sometimes called Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome, Hutchinson–Gilford syndrome, and Progeria Syndrome. As there is no known cure, few people with progeria exceed 13 years of age. At least 90% of patients die from complications of atherosclerosis, such as heart attack or stroke.

This project required a medical literature search and identification of resources related to any genetic components of progeria syndrome. The relationship to stroke and heart attack was also explored. Additional sub-topics included the causes, incidence and risk factors associated with progeria syndrome.

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Hypocalcemia

In this project, we looked at the relationship between hypocalemia and cardiac dysfunction. Severe hypocalcemia may result in cardiovascular collapse, hypotension unresponsive to fluids and vasopressors, and dysrhythmias.

Other complications include acute seizures or tetany, basal ganglia calcification, parkinsonism, hemiballismus, and choreoathetosis. Although some patients with hypocalcemia may improve with treatment, the calcification typically is not reversible.

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Particulate steroids have been used in epidural injections for decades. In recent years, embolic events have been reported in epidural steroid injections with particulate steroids. These embolic phenomena have resulted in spinal cord injuries, strokes and deaths. It is thought that undetected vascular injections of the vertebral artery or spinal radicular arteries with particulate steroids caused these infarctions. Anatomical studies show that the size of particles in commonly used particulate steroids are larger in diameter than many radicular arteries.

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