LEEP has many advantages including low cost, high success rate, and ease of use. The procedure can be done in an office setting and usually only requires a local anesthetic, though sometimes a general anesthetic is used.

If you would like a literature search on Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP), or if you have questions about our Medical Literature Searches, then please Contact Us.

The most common anatomical site for the development of mesothelioma is the pleura (the outer lining of the lungs and internal chest wall), but it can also arise in the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity), and the pericardium (the sac that surrounds the heart), or the tunica vaginalis (a sac that surrounds the testis).

Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked in jobs where they inhaled asbestos, or were exposed to asbestos dust and fibers in other ways. It has also been suggested that washing clothes of a family member who worked with asbestos increases their risk for developing mesothelioma (ref).

If you would like a literature search on Mesothelioma or Asbestos, or if you have questions about our Medical Literature Searches, then please Contact Us.

Although a hangman’s fracture is unstable, survival from this fracture is relatively common, as the fracture itself tends to expand the spinal canal at the C2 level. It is not unusual for patients to walk in for treatment and have such a fracture discovered on X-rays. Only if the force of the injury is severe enough that the vertebral body of C2 is severely subluxed from C3 does the spinal cord become crushed, usually between the vertebral body of C3 and the posterior elements of C1 and C2 (ref).

If you would like a search on Hangman’s Fractures or other Cervical Fractures, or if you have questions about our Medical Literature Searches, then please Contact Us.

Taser (often marketed as TASER) is a brand name and registered trademark of Taser International. The word most often refers to an electroshock weapon marketed by that company which uses electrical current to disrupt voluntary control of muscles. The device functions by effecting “neuromuscular incapacitation” and the devices’ mechanism “Electro-Muscular Disruption (EMD) technology”. Someone struck by a Taser experiences stimulation of his or her sensory nerves and motor nerves, resulting in strong involuntary muscle contractions (ref).

If you would like a search on Tasers, Conducted Electrical Weapons (CEWs), or other security devices , or if you have questions about our Public Health Literature Services, then please Contact Us.

• Lung Cancer
• Vascular Stenosis
• Heart Attacks
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Pregnancy
• ADHD
• Fetal Effects
• Secondhand Smoking
• Physiological Effects
• Psychological Effects
•  Alzheimer’s Disease
• Crohn’s Disease
• Ulcerative Colitis
• Prevalence and Statistics

If you would like a search on the Health Effects of Smoking, or if you have questions about our Medical Literature Services, then please Contact Us.

A trocar is a medical instrument with a sharply pointed end, often three-sided, that is used inside a hollow cylinder to introduce this into blood vessels or body cavities. Trocars are also used to introduce ports in the abdomen, such as during laparoscopic surgery. Sometimes the combined trocar and introduced cannula are referred to as a trocar. The trocar is often passed inside a cannula, and functions as a portal for the subsequent placement of devices, such as a chest drain, intravenous cannula, or other devices (ref).

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This particular bear spray was developed in a special can that was not susceptible to explosion from overheating, an issue with similar products. In addition, the chemicals were found to be highly effective in deterring bears with zero toxicity to humans.

We performed an extensive search through several medical and chemical databases, as well as examined a tremendous number of relevant journal articles and textbooks. The results were presented in an EndNote file as requested along with on-point publications.

If you would like a search on a topic related to Chemicals or Product Toxicity, or if you have questions about our Public Health Literature Searches, then please Contact Us.

Pelvic mesh or surgical mesh has a number of complications. The most frequent complications included erosion through the vagina, infection, pain, urinary problems and recurrence of the prolapse and/or incontinence. In some cases, erosion of the mesh and scarring of the vagina led to discomfort and pain, including pain during sexual intercourse. Some patients needed additional surgery to remove the mesh that had eroded into the vagina. Other complications included injuries to nearby organs such as the bowel and bladder, or blood vessels.

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Progeria

Progeria is sometimes called Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome, Hutchinson–Gilford syndrome, and Progeria Syndrome. As there is no known cure, few people with progeria exceed 13 years of age. At least 90% of patients die from complications of atherosclerosis, such as heart attack or stroke.

This project required a medical literature search and identification of resources related to any genetic components of progeria syndrome. The relationship to stroke and heart attack was also explored. Additional sub-topics included the causes, incidence and risk factors associated with progeria syndrome.

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Hypocalcemia

In this project, we looked at the relationship between hypocalemia and cardiac dysfunction. Severe hypocalcemia may result in cardiovascular collapse, hypotension unresponsive to fluids and vasopressors, and dysrhythmias.

Other complications include acute seizures or tetany, basal ganglia calcification, parkinsonism, hemiballismus, and choreoathetosis. Although some patients with hypocalcemia may improve with treatment, the calcification typically is not reversible.

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